In libjpeg-turbo 2.1.x and prior, the WITH_12BIT CMake variable was used
to enable 12-bit JPEG support at compile time, because the libjpeg API
library could not handle multiple JPEG data precisions at run time. The
initial approach to handling multiple JPEG data precisions at run time
(7fec5074f9) created a whole new API,
library, and applications for 12-bit data precision, so it made sense to
repurpose WITH_12BIT to allow 12-bit data precision to be disabled.
e8b40f3c2b made it so that the libjpeg API
library can handle multiple JPEG data precisions at run time via a
handful of straightforward API extensions. Referring to
6c2bc901e2, it hasn't been possible to
build libjpeg-turbo with both forward and backward libjpeg API/ABI
compatibility since libjpeg-turbo 1.4.x. Thus, whereas we retain full
backward API/ABI compatibility with libjpeg v6b-v8, forward libjpeg
API/ABI compatibility ceased being realistic years ago, so it no longer
makes sense to provide compile-time options that give a false sense of
forward API/ABI compatibility by allowing some (but not all) of our
libjpeg API extensions to be disabled. Such options are difficult to
maintain and clutter the code with #ifdefs.
The Gordian knot that 7fec5074f9 attempted
to unravel was caused by the fact that there are several
data-precision-dependent (JSAMPLE-dependent) fields and methods in the
exposed libjpeg API structures, and if you change the exposed libjpeg
API structures, then you have to change the whole API. If you change
the whole API, then you have to provide a whole new library to support
the new API, and that makes it difficult to support multiple data
precisions in the same application. (It is not impossible, as example.c
demonstrated, but using data-precision-dependent libjpeg API structures
would have made the cjpeg, djpeg, and jpegtran source code hard to read,
so it made more sense to build, install, and package 12-bit-specific
versions of those applications.)
Unfortunately, the result of that initial integration effort was an
unreadable and unmaintainable mess, which is a problem for a library
that is an ISO/ITU-T reference implementation. Also, as I dug into the
problem of lossless JPEG support, I realized that 16-bit lossless JPEG
images are a thing, and supporting yet another version of the libjpeg
API just for those images is untenable.
In fact, however, the touch points for JSAMPLE in the exposed libjpeg
API structures are minimal:
- The colormap and sample_range_limit fields in jpeg_decompress_struct
- The alloc_sarray() and access_virt_sarray() methods in
jpeg_memory_mgr
- jpeg_write_scanlines() and jpeg_write_raw_data()
- jpeg_read_scanlines() and jpeg_read_raw_data()
- jpeg_skip_scanlines() and jpeg_crop_scanline()
(This is subtle, but both of those functions use JSAMPLE-dependent
opaque structures behind the scenes.)
It is much more readable and maintainable to provide 12-bit-specific
versions of those six top-level API functions and to document that the
aforementioned methods and fields must be type-cast when using 12-bit
samples. Since that eliminates the need to provide a 12-bit-specific
version of the exposed libjpeg API structures, we can:
- Compile only the precision-dependent libjpeg modules (the
coefficient buffer controllers, the colorspace converters, the
DCT/IDCT managers, the main buffer controllers, the preprocessing
and postprocessing controller, the downsampler and upsamplers, the
quantizers, the integer DCT methods, and the IDCT methods) for
multiple data precisions.
- Introduce 12-bit-specific methods into the various internal
structures defined in jpegint.h.
- Create precision-independent data type, macro, method, field, and
function names that are prefixed by an underscore, and use an
internal header to convert those into precision-dependent data
type, macro, method, field, and function names, based on the value
of BITS_IN_JSAMPLE, when compiling the precision-dependent libjpeg
modules.
- Expose precision-dependent jinit*() functions for each of the
precision-dependent libjpeg modules.
- Abstract the precision-dependent libjpeg modules by calling the
appropriate precision-dependent jinit*() function, based on the
value of cinfo->data_precision, from top-level libjpeg API
functions.
By default, libjpeg-turbo 1.3.x and later have enabled the in-memory
source/destination manager functions from libjpeg v8 when emulating the
libjpeg v6b or v7 API/ABI, which has allowed operating system
distributors to provide those functions without adopting the
backward-incompatible libjpeg v8 API/ABI.
Prior to libjpeg-turbo 1.5.x, it made sense to allow users to disable
the in-memory source/destination manager functions at build time and
thus retain both backward and forward API/ABI compatibility relative to
libjpeg v6b or v7. Since then, however, we have introduced several new
libjpeg API functions that break forward API/ABI compatibility, so it no
longer makes sense to allow the in-memory source/destination managers to
be disabled. libjpeg-turbo only claims to be
backward-API/ABI-compatible, i.e. to allow applications built against
libjpeg or an older version of libjpeg-turbo to work properly with the
current version of libjpeg-turbo.
The primary purpose of this is to encourage adoption of libjpeg-turbo in
downstream Windows projects that forbid the use of "deprecated"
functions. libjpeg-turbo's usage of those functions was not actually
unsafe, because:
- libjpeg-turbo always checks the return value of fopen() and ensures
that a NULL filename can never be passed to it.
- libjpeg-turbo always checks the return value of getenv() and never
passes a NULL argument to it.
- The sprintf() calls in format_message() (jerror.c) could never
overflow the destination string buffer or leave it unterminated as
long as the buffer was at least JMSG_LENGTH_MAX bytes in length, as
instructed. (Regardless, this commit replaces those calls with
snprintf() calls.)
- libjpeg-turbo never uses sscanf() to read strings or multi-byte
character arrays.
- Because of b7d6e84d6a, wrjpgcom
explicitly checks the bounds of the source and destination strings
before calling strcat() and strcpy().
- libjpeg-turbo always ensures that the destination string is
terminated when using strncpy().
(548490fe5e made this explicit.)
Regarding thread safety:
Technically speaking, getenv() is not thread-safe, because the returned
pointer may be invalidated if another thread sets the same environment
variable between the time that the first thread calls getenv() and the
time that that thread uses the return value. In practice, however, this
could only occur with libjpeg-turbo if:
(1) A multithreaded calling application used the deprecated and
undocumented TJFLAG_FORCEMMX/TJFLAG_FORCESSE/TJFLAG_FORCESSE2 flags in
the TurboJPEG API or set one of the corresponding environment variables
(which are only intended for testing purposes.) Since the TurboJPEG API
library only ever passed string constants to putenv(), the only inherent
risk (i.e. the only risk introduced by the library and not the calling
application) was that the SIMD extensions may have read an incorrect
value from one of the aforementioned environment variables.
or
(2) A multithreaded calling application modified the value of the
JPEGMEM environment variable in one thread while another thread was
reading the value of that environment variable (in the body of
jpeg_create_compress() or jpeg_create_decompress().) Given that the
libjpeg API provides a thread-safe way for applications to modify the
default memory limit without using the JPEGMEM environment variable,
direct modification of that environment variable by calling applications
is not supported.
Microsoft's implementation of getenv_s() does not claim to be
thread-safe either, so this commit uses getenv_s() solely to mollify
Visual Studio. New inline functions and macros (GETENV_S() and
PUTENV_S) wrap getenv_s()/_putenv_s() when building for Visual Studio
and getenv()/setenv() otherwise, but GETENV_S()/PUTENV_S() provide no
advantages over getenv()/setenv() other than parameter validation. They
are implemented solely for convenience.
Technically speaking, strerror() is not thread-safe, because the
returned pointer may be invalidated if another thread changes the locale
and/or calls strerror() between the time that the first thread calls
strerror() and the time that that thread uses the return value. In
practice, however, this could only occur with libjpeg-turbo if a
multithreaded calling application encountered a file I/O error in
tjLoadImage() or tjSaveImage(). Since both of those functions
immediately copy the string returned from strerror() into a thread-local
buffer, the risk is minimal, and the worst case would involve an
incorrect error string being reported to the calling application.
Regardless, this commit uses strerror_s() in the TurboJPEG API library
when building for Visual Studio. Note that strerror_r() could have been
used on Un*x systems, but it would have been necessary to handle both
the POSIX and GNU implementations of that function and perform
widespread compatibility testing. Such is left as an exercise for
another day.
Fixes#568
libjpeg-turbo has never supported non-ANSI C compilers. Per the spec,
ANSI C compilers must have locale.h, stddef.h, stdlib.h, memset(),
memcpy(), unsigned char, and unsigned short. They must also handle
undefined structures.
- Refer to the "slow" [I]DCT algorithms as "accurate" instead, since
they are not slow under libjpeg-turbo.
- Adjust documentation claims to reflect the fact that the "slow" and
"fast" algorithms produce about the same performance on AVX2-equipped
CPUs (because of the dual-lane nature of AVX2, it was not possible to
accelerate the "fast" algorithm beyond what was achievable with SSE2.)
Also adjust the claims to reflect the fact that the "fast" algorithm
tends to be ~5-15% faster than the "slow" algorithm on
non-AVX2-equipped CPUs, regardless of the use of the libjpeg-turbo
SIMD extensions.
- Indicate the legacy status of the "fast" and float algorithms in the
documentation and cjpeg/djpeg usage info.
- Remove obsolete paragraph in the djpeg man page that suggested that
the float algorithm could be faster than the "fast" algorithm on some
CPUs.
- Restore GIF read/compressed GIF write support from jpeg-6a and
jpeg-9d.
- Integrate jpegtran -wipe and -drop options from jpeg-9a and jpeg-9d.
- Integrate jpegtran -crop extension (for expanding the image size) from
jpeg-9a and jpeg-9d.
- Integrate other minor code tweaks from jpeg-9*
libjpeg-turbo never included that code, because it requires an external
library (the Utah Raster Toolkit.) The RLE image format was supplanted
by GIF in the late 1980s, so it is rarely seen these days. (It had a
lousy Weissman score, anyhow.)
- Enable progress reporting at run time using a new -report argument
(cjpeg now supports that argument as well)
- Limit the allowable number of scans using a new -maxscans argument
- Treat warnings as fatal using a new -strict argument
This mainly demonstrates how to work around the two issues with the
JPEG standard described here:
https://libjpeg-turbo.org/pmwiki/uploads/About/TwoIssueswiththeJPEGStandard.pdf
since those and similar issues continue to be erroneously reported as
libjpeg-turbo bugs.
Because of 01e3032354 (officially
eliminating support for compilers without unsigned char, since we never
effectively supported those compilers anyhow), GETJOCTET() is now a
no-op. Since that macro is in jmorecfg.h, it is part of the de facto
libjpeg API and must remain in the public headers. However, there is no
reason to continue using it internally, and eliminating its internal use
improves code readability.
With rare exceptions ...
- Always separate line continuation characters by one space from
preceding code.
- Always use two-space indentation. Never use tabs.
- Always use K&R-style conditional blocks.
- Always surround operators with spaces, except in raw assembly code.
- Always put a space after, but not before, a comma.
- Never put a space between type casts and variables/function calls.
- Never put a space between the function name and the argument list in
function declarations and prototypes.
- Always surround braces ('{' and '}') with spaces.
- Always surround statements (if, for, else, catch, while, do, switch)
with spaces.
- Always attach pointer symbols ('*' and '**') to the variable or
function name.
- Always precede pointer symbols ('*' and '**') by a space in type
casts.
- Use the MIN() macro from jpegint.h within the libjpeg and TurboJPEG
API libraries (using min() from tjutil.h is still necessary for
TJBench.)
- Where it makes sense (particularly in the TurboJPEG code), put a blank
line after variable declaration blocks.
- Always separate statements in one-liners by two spaces.
The purpose of this was to ease maintenance on my part and also to make
it easier for contributors to figure out how to format patch
submissions. This was admittedly confusing (even to me sometimes) when
we had 3 or 4 different style conventions in the same source tree. The
new convention is more consistent with the formatting of other OSS code
bases.
This commit corrects deviations from the chosen formatting style in the
libjpeg API code and reformats the TurboJPEG API code such that it
conforms to the same standard.
NOTES:
- Although it is no longer necessary for the function name in function
declarations to begin in Column 1 (this was historically necessary
because of the ansi2knr utility, which allowed libjpeg to be built
with non-ANSI compilers), we retain that formatting for the libjpeg
code because it improves readability when using libjpeg's function
attribute macros (GLOBAL(), etc.)
- This reformatting project was accomplished with the help of AStyle and
Uncrustify, although neither was completely up to the task, and thus
a great deal of manual tweaking was required. Note to developers of
code formatting utilities: the libjpeg-turbo code base is an
excellent test bed, because AFAICT, it breaks every single one of the
utilities that are currently available.
- The legacy (MMX, SSE, 3DNow!) assembly code for i386 has been
formatted to match the SSE2 code (refer to
ff5685d5344273df321eb63a005eaae19d2496e3.) I hadn't intended to
bother with this, but the Loongson MMI implementation demonstrated
that there is still academic value to the MMX implementation, as an
algorithmic model for other 64-bit vector implementations. Thus, it
is desirable to improve its readability in the same manner as that of
the SSE2 implementation.
The main justification for this is to provide new libjpeg-turbo users
with a quick & easy way of developing a complete JPEG
compression/decompression program without requiring them to build
libjpeg-turbo from source (which was necessary in order to use the
project-private bmp API) or to use external libraries. These new
functions build upon significant enhancements to rdbmp.c, wrbmp.c,
rdppm.c, and wrppm.c which allow those engines to convert directly
between the native pixel format of the file and a pixel format
("colorspace" in libjpeg parlance) specified by the calling program.
rdbmp.c and wrbmp.c have also been modified such that the calling
program can choose to read or write image rows in the native (bottom-up)
order of the file format, thus eliminating the need to use an inversion
array. tjLoadImage() and tjSaveImage() leverage these new underlying
features in order to significantly improve upon the performance of the
old bmp API.
Because these new functions cannot work without the libjpeg-turbo
colorspace extensions, the libjpeg-compatible code in turbojpeg.c has
been removed. That code was only there to serve as an example of how
to use the TurboJPEG API on top of libjpeg, but more specific, buildable
examples now exist in the https://github.com/libjpeg-turbo/ijg
repository.
- Referring to 073b0e88a1 and #185, the
reason why BMP and RLE didn't (and won't) work with partial image
decompression is that the output engines for both formats maintain a
whole-image buffer, which is used to reverse the order of scanlines.
However, it was straightforward to add -crop support for GIF and
Targa, which is useful for testing partial image decompression along
with color quantization.
- Such testing reproduced a bug reported by Mozilla (refer to PR #182)
whereby jpeg_skip_scanlines() would segfault if color quantization was
enabled. To fix this issue, read_and_discard_scanlines() now sets up
a dummy quantize function in the same manner that it sets up a dummy
color conversion function.
Closes#182
... and document that only PPM/PGM output images are supported with the
-crop option for the moment.
I investigated the possibility of supporting -crop with -bmp, but even
after resetting the buffer dimensions, I still kept getting virtual
array access errors. It seems that doing this the "right way" would
require creating a re-initialization function for each image format's
destination manager. I'm disinclined to do that right now, given that
this feature was Google's baby (developed as a prerequisite for
including libjpeg-turbo in Android), and the -crop option in djpeg is
intended only as an example of how to use the partial image
decompression API. Real-world applications would need to handle this
in their own destination managers.
It would probably be possible to make this work with Targa by employing
a similar hack to the one we used with PPM, but Targa isn't popular
enough to bother.
Fixes#185
This commit does the following:
-- Merges the two glueware functions (read_icc_profile() and
write_icc_profile()) from iccjpeg.c, which is contained in downstream
projects such as LCMS, Ghostscript, Mozilla, etc. These functions were
originally intended for inclusion in libjpeg, but Tom Lane left the IJG
before that could be accomplished. Since then, programs and libraries
that needed to embed/extract ICC profiles in JPEG files had to include
their own local copy of iccjpeg.c, which is suboptimal.
-- The new functions were prefixed with jpeg_ and split into separate
files for the compressor and decompressor, per the existing libjpeg
coding standards.
-- jpeg_write_icc_profile() was made slightly more fault-tolerant.
It will now trigger a libjpeg error if it is called before
jpeg_start_compress() or if it is passed NULL arguments.
-- jpeg_read_icc_profile() was made slightly more fault-tolerant.
It will now trigger a libjpeg error if it is called before
jpeg_read_header() or if it is passed NULL arguments. It will also
now trigger libjpeg warnings if the ICC profile data is corrupt.
-- The code comments have been wordsmithed.
-- Note that the one-line setup_read_icc_profile() function was not
included. Instead, libjpeg.txt now documents the need to call
jpeg_save_markers(cinfo, JPEG_APP0 + 2, 0xFFFF) prior to calling
jpeg_read_header(), if jpeg_read_icc_profile() is to be used.
-- Adds documentation for the new functions to libjpeg.txt.
-- Adds an -icc switch to cjpeg and jpegtran that allows those programs
to embed an ICC profile in the JPEG files they generate.
-- Adds an -icc switch to djpeg that allows that program to extract an
ICC profile from a JPEG file while decompressing.
-- Adds appropriate unit tests for all of the above.
-- Bumps the SO_AGE of the libjpeg API library to indicate the presence
of new API functions.
Note that the licensing information was obtained from:
https://github.com/mm2/Little-CMS/issues/37#issuecomment-66450180
This, in combination with the existing jpeg_skip_scanlines() function,
provides the ability to crop the image both horizontally and vertically
while decompressing (certain restrictions apply-- see libjpeg.txt.)
This also cleans up the documentation of the line skipping feature and
removes the "strip decompression" feature from djpeg, since the new
cropping feature is a superset of it.
Refer to #34 for discussion.
Closes#34
The convention used by libjpeg:
type * variable;
is not very common anymore, because it looks too much like
multiplication. Some (particularly C++ programmers) prefer to tuck the
pointer symbol against the type:
type* variable;
to emphasize that a pointer to a type is effectively a new type.
However, this can also be confusing, since defining multiple variables
on the same line would not work properly:
type* variable1, variable2; /* Only variable1 is actually a
pointer. */
This commit reformats the entirety of the libjpeg-turbo code base so
that it uses the same code formatting convention for pointers that the
TurboJPEG API code uses:
type *variable1, *variable2;
This seems to be the most common convention among C programmers, and
it is the convention used by other codec libraries, such as libpng and
libtiff.
These days, INT32 is a commonly-defined datatype in system headers. We
cannot eliminate the definition of that datatype from jmorecfg.h, since
the INT32 typedef has technically been part of the libjpeg API since
version 5 (1994.) However, using INT32 internally is risky, because the
inclusion of a particular header (Xmd.h, for instance) could change the
definition of INT32 from long to int on 64-bit platforms and thus change
the internal behavior of libjpeg-turbo in unexpected ways (for instance,
failing to correctly set __INT32_IS_ACTUALLY_LONG to match the INT32
typedef-- perhaps as a result of including the wrong version of
jpeglib.h-- could cause libjpeg-turbo to produce incorrect results.)
The library has always been built in environments in which INT32 is
effectively long (on Windows, long is always 32-bit, so effectively it's
the same as int), so it makes sense to turn INT32 into an explicitly
long datatype. This ensures that libjpeg-turbo will always behave
consistently, regardless of the headers included at compile time.
Addresses a concern expressed in #26.
The IJG README file has been renamed to README.ijg, in order to avoid
confusion (many people were assuming that that was our project's README
file and weren't reading README-turbo.txt) and to lay the groundwork for
markdown versions of the libjpeg-turbo README and build instructions.
