diff --git a/src/main/java/forge/Card.java b/src/main/java/forge/Card.java
index d54cf36bfe4..ef4506e2734 100644
--- a/src/main/java/forge/Card.java
+++ b/src/main/java/forge/Card.java
@@ -43,6 +43,8 @@ import forge.CardPredicates.Presets;
 import forge.card.CardCharacteristics;
 import forge.card.CardRarity;
 import forge.card.CardRules;
+import forge.card.ColorSet;
+import forge.card.MagicColor;
 import forge.card.ability.AbilityUtils;
 import forge.card.ability.ApiType;
 import forge.card.cardfactory.CardFactoryUtil;
@@ -5211,59 +5213,34 @@ public class Card extends GameEntity implements Comparable<Card> {
         }
         // ... Card colors
         else if (property.contains("White") || property.contains("Blue") || property.contains("Black")
-                || property.contains("Red") || property.contains("Green") || property.contains("Colorless")) {
-            if (property.startsWith("non")) {
-                if (CardUtil.getColors(this).contains(property.substring(3).toLowerCase())) {
-                    return false;
-                }
-            } else if (!CardUtil.getColors(this).contains(property.toLowerCase())) {
+                || property.contains("Red") || property.contains("Green") ) {
+            boolean mustHave = !property.startsWith("non");
+            int desiredColor = MagicColor.fromName(mustHave ? property : property.substring(3)); 
+            boolean hasColor = CardUtil.getColors(this).hasAnyColor(desiredColor);
+            if( mustHave != hasColor )
                 return false;
-            }
-        } else if (property.contains("MultiColor")) // ... Card is multicolored
-        {
-            if (property.startsWith("non") && (CardUtil.getColors(this).size() > 1)) {
-                return false;
-            }
-            if (!property.startsWith("non") && (CardUtil.getColors(this).size() <= 1)) {
-                return false;
-            }
-        } else if (property.contains("MonoColor")) {
-            // ... Card is monocolored
-            if (property.startsWith("non") && ((CardUtil.getColors(this).size() == 1) && !this.isColorless())) {
-                return false;
-            }
-            if (!property.startsWith("non") && ((CardUtil.getColors(this).size() > 1) || this.isColorless())) {
-                return false;
-            }
+
+        } else if (property.contains("Colorless")) { // ... Card is colorless
+            if( property.startsWith("non") == CardUtil.getColors(this).isColorless() ) return false;
+
+        } else if (property.contains("MultiColor")) { // ... Card is multicolored
+            if( property.startsWith("non") == CardUtil.getColors(this).isMulticolor() ) return false;
+
+        } else if (property.contains("MonoColor")) { // ... Card is monocolored
+            if( property.startsWith("non") == CardUtil.getColors(this).isMonoColor() ) return false;
+
         } else if (property.equals("ChosenColor")) {
-            if (source.getChosenColor().size() == 0) {
+            if (source.getChosenColor().isEmpty() || !CardUtil.getColors(this).hasAnyColor(MagicColor.fromName(source.getChosenColor().get(0))))
                 return false;
-            }
-            if (!CardUtil.getColors(this).contains(source.getChosenColor().get(0))) {
-                return false;
-            }
+
         } else if (property.equals("AllChosenColors")) {
-            if (source.getChosenColor().size() == 0) {
+            if ( source.getChosenColor().isEmpty() || !CardUtil.getColors(this).hasAllColors(ColorSet.fromNames(source.getChosenColor()).getColor()) )
                 return false;
-            }
-            for (String col : source.getChosenColor()) {
-                if (!CardUtil.getColors(this).contains(col)) {
-                    return false;
-                }
-            }
+
         } else if (property.equals("AnyChosenColor")) {
-            if (source.getChosenColor().size() == 0) {
+            if ( source.getChosenColor().isEmpty() || !CardUtil.getColors(this).hasAnyColor(ColorSet.fromNames(source.getChosenColor()).getColor()) )
                 return false;
-            }
-            int matched = 0;
-            for (String col : source.getChosenColor()) {
-                if (CardUtil.getColors(this).contains(col)) {
-                    matched++;
-                }
-            }
-            if (matched == 0) {
-                return false;
-            }
+
         } else if (property.equals("DoubleFaced")) {
             if (!this.isDoubleFaced()) {
                 return false;
@@ -5670,12 +5647,9 @@ public class Card extends GameEntity implements Comparable<Card> {
                         return false;
                     }
                 } else if (restriction.equals("MostProminentColor")) {
-                    for (final String color : CardUtil.getColors(this)) {
-                        if (CardFactoryUtil.isMostProminentColor(getGame().getCardsIn(ZoneType.Battlefield), color)) {
-                            return true;
-                        }
-                    }
-                    return false;
+                    byte mask = CardFactoryUtil.getMostProminentColors(getGame().getCardsIn(ZoneType.Battlefield));
+                    if( !CardUtil.getColors(this).hasAnyColor(mask))
+                        return false;
                 } else {
                     for (final Card card : sourceController.getCardsIn(ZoneType.Battlefield)) {
                         if (card.isValid(restriction, sourceController, source) && this.sharesColorWith(card)) {
@@ -5695,7 +5669,8 @@ public class Card extends GameEntity implements Comparable<Card> {
             }
             String color = props[1];
 
-            return CardFactoryUtil.isMostProminentColor(getGame().getCardsIn(ZoneType.Battlefield), color);
+            byte mostProm = CardFactoryUtil.getMostProminentColors(getGame().getCardsIn(ZoneType.Battlefield));
+            return ColorSet.fromMask(mostProm).hasAnyColor(MagicColor.fromName(color));
         } else if (property.startsWith("notSharesColorWith")) {
             if (property.equals("notSharesColorWith")) {
                 if (this.sharesColorWith(source)) {
@@ -6524,84 +6499,13 @@ public class Card extends GameEntity implements Comparable<Card> {
      * part of the Card class, so calling out is not necessary
      */
 
-    /**
-     * <p>
-     * isColor.
-     * </p>
-     * 
-     * @param col
-     *            a {@link java.lang.String} object.
-     * @return a boolean.
-     */
-    public final boolean isColor(final String col) {
-        return CardUtil.getColors(this).contains(col);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * <p>
-     * isBlack.
-     * </p>
-     * 
-     * @return a boolean.
-     */
-    public final boolean isBlack() {
-        return CardUtil.getColors(this).contains(Constant.Color.BLACK);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * <p>
-     * isBlue.
-     * </p>
-     * 
-     * @return a boolean.
-     */
-    public final boolean isBlue() {
-        return CardUtil.getColors(this).contains(Constant.Color.BLUE);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * <p>
-     * isRed.
-     * </p>
-     * 
-     * @return a boolean.
-     */
-    public final boolean isRed() {
-        return CardUtil.getColors(this).contains(Constant.Color.RED);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * <p>
-     * isGreen.
-     * </p>
-     * 
-     * @return a boolean.
-     */
-    public final boolean isGreen() {
-        return CardUtil.getColors(this).contains(Constant.Color.GREEN);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * <p>
-     * isWhite.
-     * </p>
-     * 
-     * @return a boolean.
-     */
-    public final boolean isWhite() {
-        return CardUtil.getColors(this).contains(Constant.Color.WHITE);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * <p>
-     * isColorless.
-     * </p>
-     * 
-     * @return a boolean.
-     */
-    public final boolean isColorless() {
-        return CardUtil.getColors(this).contains(Constant.Color.COLORLESS);
-    }
+    public final boolean isOfColor(final String col) { return CardUtil.getColors(this).hasAnyColor(MagicColor.fromName(col)); }
+    public final boolean isBlack() { return CardUtil.getColors(this).hasBlack(); }
+    public final boolean isBlue() { return CardUtil.getColors(this).hasBlue(); }
+    public final boolean isRed() { return CardUtil.getColors(this).hasRed(); }
+    public final boolean isGreen() { return CardUtil.getColors(this).hasGreen(); }
+    public final boolean isWhite() { return CardUtil.getColors(this).hasWhite(); }
+    public final boolean isColorless() { return CardUtil.getColors(this).isColorless(); }
 
     /**
      * <p>
diff --git a/src/main/java/forge/CardColor.java b/src/main/java/forge/CardColor.java
index fb59039dbcf..ba81dc65427 100644
--- a/src/main/java/forge/CardColor.java
+++ b/src/main/java/forge/CardColor.java
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ import java.util.EnumSet;
 import java.util.Iterator;
 import java.util.List;
 
+import forge.card.ColorSet;
 import forge.card.mana.ManaCostBeingPaid;
 
 /**
@@ -207,6 +208,14 @@ public class CardColor implements Iterable<Color> {
         }
         return list;
     }
+    
+    public final ColorSet toColorSet() {
+        int mask = 0; 
+        for (final Color c : this.col) {
+            mask |= c.getMagicColor();
+        }
+        return ColorSet.fromMask(mask);
+    }
 
     public final List<String> toStringList() {
         final List<String> list = new ArrayList<String>(this.col.size());
diff --git a/src/main/java/forge/CardLists.java b/src/main/java/forge/CardLists.java
index 428e4508b2a..21ef93c5a7c 100644
--- a/src/main/java/forge/CardLists.java
+++ b/src/main/java/forge/CardLists.java
@@ -144,28 +144,6 @@ public class CardLists {
     } // sortAttack()
 
 
-
-    /**
-     * <p>
-     * getColor.
-     * </p>
-     * 
-     * @param list
-     *            a {@link forge.CardList} object.
-     * @param color
-     *            a {@link java.lang.String} object.
-     * @return a {@link forge.CardList} object.
-     */
-    public static List<Card> getColor(final List<Card> list, final String color) {
-        return CardLists.filter(list, new Predicate<Card>() {
-            @Override
-            public boolean apply(final Card c) {
-                return CardUtil.getColors(c).contains(color);
-            }
-        });
-    } // getColor()
-
-
     /**
      * 
      * Given a List<Card> c, return a List<Card> that contains a random amount of cards from c.
diff --git a/src/main/java/forge/CardPredicates.java b/src/main/java/forge/CardPredicates.java
index 4e37ab69285..17561c0a075 100644
--- a/src/main/java/forge/CardPredicates.java
+++ b/src/main/java/forge/CardPredicates.java
@@ -153,7 +153,16 @@ public final class CardPredicates {
             }
         };
     };
-    
+
+    public static final Predicate<Card> isColor(final byte color) {
+        return new Predicate<Card>() {
+            @Override
+            public boolean apply(final Card c) {
+                return CardUtil.getColors(c).hasAnyColor(color);
+            }
+        };
+    } // getColor()
+
 
     public static class Presets {
 
@@ -285,53 +294,6 @@ public final class CardPredicates {
             }
         };
 
-        /**
-         * a Predicate<Card> to get all cards that are black.
-         */
-        public static final Predicate<Card> BLACK = new Predicate<Card>() {
-            @Override
-            public boolean apply(Card c) {
-                return c.isBlack();
-            }
-        };
-        /**
-         * a Predicate<Card> to get all cards that are blue.
-         */
-        public static final Predicate<Card> BLUE = new Predicate<Card>() {
-            @Override
-            public boolean apply(Card c) {
-                return c.isBlue();
-            }
-        };
-        /**
-         * a Predicate<Card> to get all cards that are green.
-         */
-        public static final Predicate<Card> GREEN = new Predicate<Card>() {
-            @Override
-            public boolean apply(Card c) {
-                return c.isGreen();
-            }
-        };
-        /**
-         * a Predicate<Card> to get all cards that are red.
-         */
-        public static final Predicate<Card> RED = new Predicate<Card>() {
-            @Override
-            public boolean apply(Card c) {
-                return c.isRed();
-            }
-        };
-        /**
-         * a Predicate<Card> to get all cards that are white.
-         */
-        public static final Predicate<Card> WHITE = new Predicate<Card>() {
-            @Override
-            public boolean apply(Card c) {
-                return c.isWhite();
-            }
-        };
-
-
         public static final Predicate<Card> hasFirstStrike = new Predicate<Card>() {
             @Override
             public boolean apply(Card c) {
diff --git a/src/main/java/forge/CardUtil.java b/src/main/java/forge/CardUtil.java
index 5d32fbb578c..33dce6eb261 100644
--- a/src/main/java/forge/CardUtil.java
+++ b/src/main/java/forge/CardUtil.java
@@ -18,12 +18,11 @@
 package forge;
 
 import java.util.ArrayList;
-import java.util.HashMap;
 import java.util.List;
-import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.Set;
 
 import forge.card.CardCharacteristics;
+import forge.card.ColorSet;
 import forge.card.MagicColor;
 import forge.card.ability.AbilityUtils;
 import forge.card.ability.ApiType;
@@ -39,28 +38,8 @@ public final class CardUtil {
     // disable instantiation
     private CardUtil() { }
 
-    static final Map<String, String> colorMap;
-    static {
-        colorMap = new HashMap<String, String>();
-        colorMap.put(Constant.Color.BLACK.toString(), "B");
-        colorMap.put(Constant.Color.BLUE.toString(), "U");
-        colorMap.put(Constant.Color.GREEN.toString(), "G");
-        colorMap.put(Constant.Color.RED.toString(), "R");
-        colorMap.put(Constant.Color.WHITE.toString(), "W");
-        colorMap.put(Constant.Color.COLORLESS.toString(), "C");
-    }
-    
-    // returns "G", longColor is Constant.Color.Green and the like
-    public static String getShortColor(final String longColor) {
-        String color = longColor.toLowerCase();
-        if (!colorMap.containsKey(color)) {
-            throw new RuntimeException("CardUtil : getShortColor() invalid argument - " + longColor);
-        }
-        return colorMap.get(color);
-    }
-
-    public static List<String> getColors(final Card c) {
-        return c.determineColor().toStringList();
+    public static ColorSet getColors(final Card c) {
+        return c.determineColor().toColorSet();
     }
 
     public static boolean isStackingKeyword(final String keyword) {
@@ -75,7 +54,7 @@ public final class CardUtil {
     public static String getShortColorsString(final Iterable<String> colors) {
         StringBuilder colorDesc = new StringBuilder();
         for (final String col : colors) {
-            colorDesc.append(getShortColor(col) + " ");
+            colorDesc.append(MagicColor.toShortString(col) + " ");
         }
         return colorDesc.toString();
     }
@@ -269,7 +248,7 @@ public final class CardUtil {
             for (final Card card1 : cards) {
                 // For each card, go through all the colors and if the card is that color, add
                 for (final String col : Constant.Color.ONLY_COLORS) {
-                    if (card1.isColor(col)) {
+                    if (card1.isOfColor(col)) {
                         colors.add(col);
                         if (colors.size() == maxChoices) {
                             break;
diff --git a/src/main/java/forge/Color.java b/src/main/java/forge/Color.java
index fb9639d7d89..01cf26e12b3 100644
--- a/src/main/java/forge/Color.java
+++ b/src/main/java/forge/Color.java
@@ -36,35 +36,25 @@ import forge.card.mana.ManaCostBeingPaid;
 public enum Color {
 
     /** The Colorless. */
-    Colorless(0),
+    Colorless((byte)0),
     /** The White. */
-    White(1),
+    White(MagicColor.WHITE),
     /** The Green. */
-    Green(2),
+    Green(MagicColor.GREEN),
     /** The Red. */
-    Red(4),
+    Red(MagicColor.RED),
     /** The Black. */
-    Black(8),
+    Black(MagicColor.BLACK),
     /** The Blue. */
-    Blue(16);
-    
-    public static final ImmutableList<Color> WUBRG = ImmutableList.of( White, Blue, Black, Red, Green );  
+    Blue(MagicColor.BLUE);
 
-    @SuppressWarnings("unused")
-    private int flag = 0;
-
-    /**
-     * <p>
-     * Constructor for Color.
-     * </p>
-     * 
-     * @param c
-     *            a int.
-     */
-    Color(final int c) {
-        this.flag = c;
+    private final byte magicColor;
+    private Color(final byte c) {
+        this.magicColor = c;
     }
 
+    public static final ImmutableList<Color> WUBRG = ImmutableList.of( White, Blue, Black, Red, Green );  
+
     /**
      * <p>
      * Colorless.
@@ -77,6 +67,10 @@ public enum Color {
         return colors;
     }
 
+    public byte getMagicColor() {
+        return magicColor;
+    }
+    
     /**
      * <p>
      * ConvertStringsToColor.
diff --git a/src/main/java/forge/card/ColorSet.java b/src/main/java/forge/card/ColorSet.java
index b44c24a51ac..9bdbdee6ba5 100644
--- a/src/main/java/forge/card/ColorSet.java
+++ b/src/main/java/forge/card/ColorSet.java
@@ -74,6 +74,14 @@ public final class ColorSet implements Comparable<ColorSet> {
         return fromMask(mask);
     }
 
+    public static ColorSet fromNames(Iterable<String> colors) {
+        byte mask = 0;
+        for (String s : colors) {
+            mask |= MagicColor.fromName(s);
+        }
+        return fromMask(mask);
+    }
+    
     public static ColorSet fromManaCost(final ManaCost mana) {
         return fromMask(mana.getColorProfile());
     }
@@ -224,51 +232,6 @@ public final class ColorSet implements Comparable<ColorSet> {
         return this.hasAnyColor(MagicColor.GREEN);
     }
 
-    /**
-     * Checks if is white.
-     * 
-     * @return true, if is white
-     */
-    public boolean isWhite() {
-        return this.isEqual(MagicColor.WHITE);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Checks if is blue.
-     * 
-     * @return true, if is blue
-     */
-    public boolean isBlue() {
-        return this.isEqual(MagicColor.BLUE);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Checks if is black.
-     * 
-     * @return true, if is black
-     */
-    public boolean isBlack() {
-        return this.isEqual(MagicColor.BLACK);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Checks if is red.
-     * 
-     * @return true, if is red
-     */
-    public boolean isRed() {
-        return this.isEqual(MagicColor.RED);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Checks if is green.
-     * 
-     * @return true, if is green
-     */
-    public boolean isGreen() {
-        return this.isEqual(MagicColor.GREEN);
-    }
-
     public ColorSet inverse() {
         byte mask = this.myColor;
         mask ^= (MagicColor.WHITE | MagicColor.BLUE | MagicColor.BLACK | MagicColor.GREEN | MagicColor.RED);
diff --git a/src/main/java/forge/card/ability/effects/ProtectAllEffect.java b/src/main/java/forge/card/ability/effects/ProtectAllEffect.java
index f093a5f3d0a..73a964e8af3 100644
--- a/src/main/java/forge/card/ability/effects/ProtectAllEffect.java
+++ b/src/main/java/forge/card/ability/effects/ProtectAllEffect.java
@@ -7,6 +7,8 @@ import forge.Card;
 import forge.CardLists;
 import forge.CardUtil;
 import forge.Command;
+import forge.card.ColorSet;
+import forge.card.MagicColor;
 import forge.card.ability.AbilityUtils;
 import forge.card.ability.SpellAbilityEffect;
 import forge.card.spellability.SpellAbility;
@@ -63,8 +65,10 @@ public class ProtectAllEffect extends SpellAbilityEffect {
                 }
             } else if (sa.getParam("Gains").equals("TargetedCardColor")) {
                 for (final Card c : sa.getSATargetingCard().getTarget().getTargetCards()) {
-                    for(final String color : CardUtil.getColors(c)) {
-                        gains.add(color.toLowerCase());
+                    ColorSet cs = CardUtil.getColors(c);
+                    for(byte col : MagicColor.WUBRG) {
+                        if (cs.hasAnyColor(col))
+                            gains.add(MagicColor.toLongString(col).toLowerCase());
                     }
                 }
             } else {
diff --git a/src/main/java/forge/card/cardfactory/CardFactoryUtil.java b/src/main/java/forge/card/cardfactory/CardFactoryUtil.java
index 94586612b66..99b31c778d7 100644
--- a/src/main/java/forge/card/cardfactory/CardFactoryUtil.java
+++ b/src/main/java/forge/card/cardfactory/CardFactoryUtil.java
@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@ import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.HashMap;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Map;
-import java.util.Map.Entry;
 import java.util.TreeMap;
 
 import org.apache.commons.lang.StringUtils;
@@ -41,6 +40,8 @@ import forge.Constant;
 import forge.CounterType;
 import forge.FThreads;
 import forge.GameEntity;
+import forge.card.ColorSet;
+import forge.card.MagicColor;
 import forge.card.ability.AbilityFactory;
 import forge.card.ability.AbilityUtils;
 import forge.card.ability.ApiType;
@@ -1427,7 +1428,7 @@ public class CardFactoryUtil {
             return Aggregates.sum(filteredCards, CardPredicates.Accessors.fnGetCmc);
         }
 
-        if (sq[0].contains("CardNumColors"))    return doXMath(CardUtil.getColors(c).size(), m, c);
+        if (sq[0].contains("CardNumColors"))    return doXMath(CardUtil.getColors(c).countColors(), m, c);
         if (sq[0].contains("ChosenNumber"))     return doXMath(c.getChosenNumber(), m, c);
         if (sq[0].contains("CardCounters")) {
             // CardCounters.ALL to be used for Kinsbaile Borderguard and anything that cares about all counters
@@ -1559,19 +1560,17 @@ public class CardFactoryUtil {
 
         // Count$ColoredCreatures *a DOMAIN for creatures*
         if (sq[0].contains("ColoredCreatures")) {
-            int n = 0;
+            int mask = 0;
             List<Card> someCards = CardLists.filter(cc.getCardsIn(ZoneType.Battlefield), Presets.CREATURES);
-            for (final String color : Constant.Color.ONLY_COLORS) {
-                if (!CardLists.getColor(someCards, color).isEmpty()) {
-                    n++;
-                }
+            for (final Card crd : someCards) {
+                mask |= CardUtil.getColors(crd).getColor();
             }
-            return doXMath(n, m, c);
+            return doXMath(ColorSet.fromMask(mask).countColors(), m, c);
         }
         
         // Count$CardMulticolor.<numMC>.<numNotMC>
         if (sq[0].contains("CardMulticolor")) {
-            final boolean isMulti = CardUtil.getColors(c).size() > 1; 
+            final boolean isMulti = CardUtil.getColors(c).isMulticolor(); 
             return doXMath(Integer.parseInt(sq[isMulti ? 1 : 2]), m, c);
         }
 
@@ -1769,31 +1768,17 @@ public class CardFactoryUtil {
 //                someCards = someCards.filter(CardListFilter.WHITE);
 //        }
         // "White Creatures" - Count$WhiteTypeYouCtrl.Creature
-        if (sq[0].contains("White")) {
-            someCards = CardLists.filter(someCards, Presets.WHITE);
-        }
-
-        if (sq[0].contains("Blue")) {
-            someCards = CardLists.filter(someCards, Presets.BLUE);
-        }
-
-        if (sq[0].contains("Black")) {
-            someCards = CardLists.filter(someCards, Presets.BLACK);
-        }
-
-        if (sq[0].contains("Red")) {
-            someCards = CardLists.filter(someCards, Presets.RED);
-        }
-
-        if (sq[0].contains("Green")) {
-            someCards = CardLists.filter(someCards, Presets.GREEN);
-        }
+        if (sq[0].contains("White")) someCards = CardLists.filter(someCards, CardPredicates.isColor(MagicColor.WHITE));
+        if (sq[0].contains("Blue"))  someCards = CardLists.filter(someCards, CardPredicates.isColor(MagicColor.BLUE));
+        if (sq[0].contains("Black")) someCards = CardLists.filter(someCards, CardPredicates.isColor(MagicColor.BLACK));
+        if (sq[0].contains("Red"))   someCards = CardLists.filter(someCards, CardPredicates.isColor(MagicColor.RED));
+        if (sq[0].contains("Green")) someCards = CardLists.filter(someCards, CardPredicates.isColor(MagicColor.GREEN));
 
         if (sq[0].contains("Multicolor")) {
             someCards = CardLists.filter(someCards, new Predicate<Card>() {
                 @Override
                 public boolean apply(final Card c) {
-                    return CardUtil.getColors(c).size() > 1;
+                    return CardUtil.getColors(c).isMulticolor();
                 }
             });
         }
@@ -1802,7 +1787,7 @@ public class CardFactoryUtil {
             someCards = CardLists.filter(someCards, new Predicate<Card>() {
                 @Override
                 public boolean apply(final Card c) {
-                    return (CardUtil.getColors(c).size() == 1);
+                    return CardUtil.getColors(c).isMonoColor();
                 }
             });
         }
@@ -1929,36 +1914,30 @@ public class CardFactoryUtil {
      *            a {@link forge.CardList} object.
      * @return a boolean.
      */
-    public static boolean isMostProminentColor(final List<Card> list, final String color) {
+    public static byte getMostProminentColors(final List<Card> list) {
+        int cntColors = MagicColor.WUBRG.length;
+        final Integer[] map = new Integer[cntColors];
 
-        final Map<String, Integer> map = new HashMap<String, Integer>();
-
-        for (final Card c : list) {
-            for (final String color2 : CardUtil.getColors(c)) {
-                if (color2.equals("colorless")) {
-                    // nothing to do
-                } else if (!map.containsKey(color2)) {
-                    map.put(color2, 1);
-                } else {
-                    map.put(color2, map.get(color2) + 1);
-                }
+        for (final Card crd : list) {
+            ColorSet color = CardUtil.getColors(crd);
+            for(int i = 0; i < cntColors; i++) {
+                if( color.hasAnyColor(MagicColor.WUBRG[i]))
+                    map[i]++;
             }
         } // for
 
-        if (map.isEmpty() || !map.containsKey(color)) {
-            return false;
+        byte mask = 0;
+        int nMax = -1;
+        for(int i = 0; i < cntColors; i++) { 
+            if ( map[i] > nMax )
+                mask = MagicColor.WUBRG[i];
+            else if ( map[i] == nMax )
+                mask |= MagicColor.WUBRG[i];
+            else 
+                continue;
+            nMax = map[i];
         }
-
-        int num = map.get(color);
-
-        for (final Entry<String, Integer> entry : map.entrySet()) {
-
-            if (num < entry.getValue()) {
-                return false;
-            }
-        }
-
-        return true;
+        return mask;
     }
     
     /**
diff --git a/src/main/java/forge/deck/generate/GenerateColoredDeckBase.java b/src/main/java/forge/deck/generate/GenerateColoredDeckBase.java
index f01c7d3a939..7f1cdb16b08 100644
--- a/src/main/java/forge/deck/generate/GenerateColoredDeckBase.java
+++ b/src/main/java/forge/deck/generate/GenerateColoredDeckBase.java
@@ -236,7 +236,7 @@ public abstract class GenerateColoredDeckBase {
         // start with all cards
         // remove cards that generated decks don't like
         Predicate<CardRules> canPlay = pt == PlayerType.HUMAN ? GenerateDeckUtil.HUMAN_CAN_PLAY : GenerateDeckUtil.AI_CAN_PLAY;
-        Predicate<CardRules> hasColor = new GenerateDeckUtil.CanBePaidWithColors(colors);
+        Predicate<CardRules> hasColor = new GenerateDeckUtil.MatchColorIdentity(colors);
 
         if (!Singletons.getModel().getPreferences().getPrefBoolean(FPref.DECKGEN_ARTIFACTS)) {
             hasColor = Predicates.or(hasColor, GenerateDeckUtil.COLORLESS_CARDS);
diff --git a/src/main/java/forge/deck/generate/GenerateDeckUtil.java b/src/main/java/forge/deck/generate/GenerateDeckUtil.java
index 5ec67aa3194..1ae46455980 100644
--- a/src/main/java/forge/deck/generate/GenerateDeckUtil.java
+++ b/src/main/java/forge/deck/generate/GenerateDeckUtil.java
@@ -62,10 +62,10 @@ public class GenerateDeckUtil {
         }
     };
 
-    public static class CanBePaidWithColors implements Predicate<CardRules> {
+    public static class MatchColorIdentity implements Predicate<CardRules> {
         private final ColorSet allowedColor;
 
-        public CanBePaidWithColors(ColorSet color) {
+        public MatchColorIdentity(ColorSet color) {
             allowedColor = color;
         }
 
diff --git a/src/main/java/forge/game/ai/ComputerUtilCard.java b/src/main/java/forge/game/ai/ComputerUtilCard.java
index 7183e9a996e..d72599b3285 100644
--- a/src/main/java/forge/game/ai/ComputerUtilCard.java
+++ b/src/main/java/forge/game/ai/ComputerUtilCard.java
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.Map.Entry;
 import java.util.Random;
 
-import com.esotericsoftware.minlog.Log;
 import com.google.common.base.Function;
 import com.google.common.base.Predicate;
 import com.google.common.base.Predicates;
@@ -18,9 +17,10 @@ import com.google.common.collect.Iterables;
 import forge.Card;
 import forge.CardLists;
 import forge.CardPredicates;
-import forge.CardUtil;
 import forge.Constant;
 import forge.card.CardType;
+import forge.card.MagicColor;
+import forge.card.cardfactory.CardFactoryUtil;
 import forge.card.spellability.SpellAbility;
 import forge.deck.CardPool;
 import forge.deck.Deck;
@@ -814,35 +814,12 @@ public class ComputerUtilCard {
      * @return a {@link java.lang.String} object.
      */
     public static String getMostProminentColor(final List<Card> list) {
-    
-        final Map<String, Integer> map = new HashMap<String, Integer>();
-    
-        for (final Card c : list) {
-            for (final String color : CardUtil.getColors(c)) {
-                if (color.equals("colorless")) {
-                    // nothing to do
-                } else if (!map.containsKey(color)) {
-                    map.put(color, 1);
-                } else {
-                    map.put(color, map.get(color) + 1);
-                }
-            }
-        } // for
-    
-        int max = 0;
-        String maxColor = "";
-    
-        for (final Entry<String, Integer> entry : map.entrySet()) {
-            final String color = entry.getKey();
-            Log.debug(color + " - " + entry.getValue());
-    
-            if (max < entry.getValue()) {
-                max = entry.getValue();
-                maxColor = color;
-            }
+        byte colors = CardFactoryUtil.getMostProminentColors(list);
+        for(byte c : MagicColor.WUBRG) {
+            if ( (colors & c) != 0 )
+                return MagicColor.toLongString(c);
         }
-    
-        return maxColor;
+        return Constant.Color.WHITE; // no difference, there was no prominent color
     }
 
     public static List<String> getColorByProminence(final List<Card> list) {
diff --git a/src/main/java/forge/game/limited/LimitedDeckBuilder.java b/src/main/java/forge/game/limited/LimitedDeckBuilder.java
index 2d4bca3394d..5891664dedb 100644
--- a/src/main/java/forge/game/limited/LimitedDeckBuilder.java
+++ b/src/main/java/forge/game/limited/LimitedDeckBuilder.java
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ public class LimitedDeckBuilder {
      */
     public Deck buildDeck() {
         // 1. Prepare
-        hasColor = Predicates.or(new GenerateDeckUtil.CanBePaidWithColors(colors), GenerateDeckUtil.COLORLESS_CARDS);
+        hasColor = Predicates.or(new GenerateDeckUtil.MatchColorIdentity(colors), GenerateDeckUtil.COLORLESS_CARDS);
         colorList = Iterables.filter(aiPlayables, Predicates.compose(hasColor, CardPrinted.FN_GET_RULES));
         onColorCreatures = Iterables.filter(colorList,
                 Predicates.compose(CardRulesPredicates.Presets.IS_CREATURE, CardPrinted.FN_GET_RULES));
@@ -431,13 +431,13 @@ public class LimitedDeckBuilder {
             for (Pair<Double, CardPrinted> bean : ranked) {
                 // Want a card that has just one "off" color.
                 ColorSet off = colors.getOffColors(bean.getValue().getRules().getColor());
-                if (off.isWhite() || off.isBlue() || off.isBlack() || off.isRed() || off.isGreen()) {
+                if (off.isMonoColor()) {
                     colors = ColorSet.fromMask(colors.getColor() | off.getColor());
                     break;
                 }
             }
 
-            hasColor = Predicates.or(new GenerateDeckUtil.CanBePaidWithColors(colors),
+            hasColor = Predicates.or(new GenerateDeckUtil.MatchColorIdentity(colors),
                     GenerateDeckUtil.COLORLESS_CARDS);
             Iterable<CardPrinted> threeColorList = Iterables.filter(aiPlayables,
                     Predicates.compose(hasColor, CardPrinted.FN_GET_RULES));
diff --git a/src/main/java/forge/game/phase/CombatUtil.java b/src/main/java/forge/game/phase/CombatUtil.java
index d637f8570b1..1b3c2d3f158 100644
--- a/src/main/java/forge/game/phase/CombatUtil.java
+++ b/src/main/java/forge/game/phase/CombatUtil.java
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
 
 import com.esotericsoftware.minlog.Log;
 import com.google.common.base.Predicate;
+import com.google.common.collect.Iterables;
 
 import forge.Card;
 import forge.CardLists;
@@ -36,6 +37,7 @@ import forge.Constant;
 import forge.GameEntity;
 import forge.Singletons;
 import forge.card.CardType;
+import forge.card.MagicColor;
 import forge.card.ability.ApiType;
 import forge.card.cardfactory.CardFactoryUtil;
 import forge.card.cost.Cost;
@@ -941,10 +943,8 @@ public class CombatUtil {
                     return false;
                 }
             } else if (keyword.equals("CARDNAME can't attack unless defending player controls a blue permanent.")) {
-                temp = CardLists.getColor(list, Constant.Color.BLUE);
-                if (temp.isEmpty()) {
+                if (!Iterables.any(list, CardPredicates.isColor(MagicColor.BLUE)))
                     return false;
-                }
             }
         }
 
diff --git a/src/main/java/forge/game/player/Player.java b/src/main/java/forge/game/player/Player.java
index 2849b93b648..816a6da81da 100644
--- a/src/main/java/forge/game/player/Player.java
+++ b/src/main/java/forge/game/player/Player.java
@@ -36,12 +36,12 @@ import forge.Card;
 import forge.CardLists;
 import forge.CardPredicates;
 import forge.CardPredicates.Presets;
-import forge.CardUtil;
 import forge.Constant.Preferences;
 import forge.CounterType;
 import forge.FThreads;
 import forge.GameEntity;
 import forge.Singletons;
+import forge.card.MagicColor;
 import forge.card.ability.AbilityFactory;
 import forge.card.ability.AbilityUtils;
 import forge.card.cardfactory.CardFactoryUtil;
@@ -2800,12 +2800,7 @@ public abstract class Player extends GameEntity implements Comparable<Player> {
     }
 
     public List<Card> getColoredCardsInPlay(final String color) {
-        return CardLists.filter(getCardsIn(ZoneType.Battlefield), new Predicate<Card>() {
-            @Override
-            public boolean apply(final Card c) {
-                return CardUtil.getColors(c).contains(color);
-            }
-        });
+        return CardLists.filter(getCardsIn(ZoneType.Battlefield), CardPredicates.isColor(MagicColor.fromName(color)));
     }
 
     public int getCounterDoublersMagnitude(final CounterType type) {
diff --git a/src/main/java/forge/gui/GuiDisplayUtil.java b/src/main/java/forge/gui/GuiDisplayUtil.java
index 5385fb0e51a..14c71ab6a22 100644
--- a/src/main/java/forge/gui/GuiDisplayUtil.java
+++ b/src/main/java/forge/gui/GuiDisplayUtil.java
@@ -42,11 +42,11 @@ import forge.CardCharacteristicName;
 import forge.CardLists;
 import forge.CardPredicates;
 import forge.CardUtil;
-import forge.Constant;
 import forge.CounterType;
 import forge.FThreads;
 import forge.Singletons;
 import forge.card.CardType;
+import forge.card.ColorSet;
 import forge.card.spellability.AbilityManaPart;
 import forge.card.spellability.SpellAbility;
 import forge.card.trigger.TriggerType;
@@ -71,23 +71,23 @@ public final class GuiDisplayUtil {
             return BorderFactory.createEmptyBorder(2, 2, 2, 2);
         }
         java.awt.Color color;
-        final List<String> list = CardUtil.getColors(card);
+        final ColorSet list = CardUtil.getColors(card);
 
         if (card.isFaceDown()) {
             color = Color.gray;
-        } else if (list.size() > 1) {
+        } else if (list.isMulticolor()) {
             color = Color.orange;
-        } else if (list.get(0).equals(Constant.Color.BLACK)) {
+        } else if (list.hasBlack()) {
             color = Color.black;
-        } else if (list.get(0).equals(Constant.Color.GREEN)) {
+        } else if (list.hasGreen()) {
             color = new Color(0, 220, 39);
-        } else if (list.get(0).equals(Constant.Color.WHITE)) {
+        } else if (list.hasWhite()) {
             color = Color.white;
-        } else if (list.get(0).equals(Constant.Color.RED)) {
+        } else if (list.hasRed()) {
             color = Color.red;
-        } else if (list.get(0).equals(Constant.Color.BLUE)) {
+        } else if (list.hasBlue()) {
             color = Color.blue;
-        } else if (list.get(0).equals(Constant.Color.COLORLESS)) {
+        } else if (list.isColorless()) {
             color = Color.gray;
         } else {
             color = new Color(200, 0, 230); // If your card has a violet border,
diff --git a/src/main/java/forge/gui/match/views/VStack.java b/src/main/java/forge/gui/match/views/VStack.java
index 0773eec2b46..77f4b71c24e 100644
--- a/src/main/java/forge/gui/match/views/VStack.java
+++ b/src/main/java/forge/gui/match/views/VStack.java
@@ -205,7 +205,7 @@ public enum VStack implements IVDoc<CStack> {
     private Color[] getSpellColor(SpellAbilityStackInstance s0) {
         if (s0.getStackDescription().startsWith("Morph ")) 
             return new Color[] { new Color(0, 0, 0, 0), FSkin.getColor(FSkin.Colors.CLR_TEXT) };
-        if (CardUtil.getColors(s0.getSourceCard()).size() > 1) 
+        if (CardUtil.getColors(s0.getSourceCard()).isMulticolor()) 
             return new Color[] { new Color(253, 175, 63), Color.black };
 
         if (s0.getSourceCard().isBlack())      return new Color[] { Color.black, Color.white };