diff --git a/src/main/java/forge/card/ability/AbilityApiBased.java b/src/main/java/forge/card/ability/AbilityApiBased.java
index 97c2b31e056..6c616e3bf7b 100644
--- a/src/main/java/forge/card/ability/AbilityApiBased.java
+++ b/src/main/java/forge/card/ability/AbilityApiBased.java
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ import forge.card.ability.effects.ChangeZoneAllEffect;
 import forge.card.ability.effects.ChangeZoneEffect;
 import forge.card.ability.effects.ManaEffect;
 import forge.card.ability.effects.ManaReflectedEffect;
-import forge.card.cardfactory.CardFactoryUtil;
+import forge.card.cardfactory.CardFactory;
 import forge.card.cost.Cost;
 import forge.card.spellability.AbilityActivated;
 import forge.card.spellability.AbilityManaPart;
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ public class AbilityApiBased extends AbilityActivated {
     public AbilityActivated getCopy() {
         Target tgt = getTarget() == null ? null : new Target(getTarget());
         AbilityActivated res = new AbilityApiBased(api, getSourceCard(), getPayCosts(), tgt, params);
-        CardFactoryUtil.copySpellAbility(this, res);
+        CardFactory.copySpellAbility(this, res);
         return res;
     }
 
diff --git a/src/main/java/forge/card/ability/effects/CloneEffect.java b/src/main/java/forge/card/ability/effects/CloneEffect.java
index 6df5dac3769..a46784ff9ba 100644
--- a/src/main/java/forge/card/ability/effects/CloneEffect.java
+++ b/src/main/java/forge/card/ability/effects/CloneEffect.java
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ import forge.Command;
 import forge.Singletons;
 import forge.card.ability.AbilityUtils;
 import forge.card.ability.SpellAbilityEffect;
+import forge.card.cardfactory.CardFactory;
 import forge.card.cardfactory.CardFactoryUtil;
 import forge.card.spellability.SpellAbility;
 import forge.card.spellability.Target;
@@ -122,7 +123,7 @@ public class CloneEffect extends SpellAbilityEffect {
             stateToCopy = cardToCopy.getCurState();
         }
 
-        CardFactoryUtil.copyState(cardToCopy, stateToCopy, tgtCard);
+        CardFactory.copyState(cardToCopy, stateToCopy, tgtCard);
         // must call this before addAbilityFactoryAbilities so cloned added abilities are handled correctly
         addExtraCharacteristics(tgtCard, sa, origSVars);
         CardFactoryUtil.addAbilityFactoryAbilities(tgtCard);
@@ -140,7 +141,7 @@ public class CloneEffect extends SpellAbilityEffect {
                 tgtCard.addAlternateState(CardCharacteristicName.Flipped);
                 tgtCard.setState(CardCharacteristicName.Flipped);
             }
-            CardFactoryUtil.copyState(cardToCopy, CardCharacteristicName.Flipped, tgtCard);
+            CardFactory.copyState(cardToCopy, CardCharacteristicName.Flipped, tgtCard);
             addExtraCharacteristics(tgtCard, sa, origSVars);
             CardFactoryUtil.addAbilityFactoryAbilities(tgtCard);
             for (int i = 0; i < tgtCard.getStaticAbilityStrings().size(); i++) {
diff --git a/src/main/java/forge/card/ability/effects/CopyPermanentEffect.java b/src/main/java/forge/card/ability/effects/CopyPermanentEffect.java
index 521ee2cb8be..1bd5ff47928 100644
--- a/src/main/java/forge/card/ability/effects/CopyPermanentEffect.java
+++ b/src/main/java/forge/card/ability/effects/CopyPermanentEffect.java
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ import forge.Command;
 import forge.Singletons;
 import forge.card.ability.AbilityUtils;
 import forge.card.ability.SpellAbilityEffect;
+import forge.card.cardfactory.CardFactory;
 import forge.card.cardfactory.CardFactoryUtil;
 import forge.card.mana.ManaCost;
 import forge.card.spellability.Ability;
@@ -82,7 +83,7 @@ public class CopyPermanentEffect extends SpellAbilityEffect {
                     if (!c.isToken() || c.isCopiedToken()) {
                         // copy creature and put it onto the battlefield
 
-                        copy = Singletons.getModel().getCardFactory().getCard(CardDb.getCard(c), sa.getActivatingPlayer());
+                        copy = CardFactory.getCard(CardDb.getCard(c), sa.getActivatingPlayer());
 
                         // when copying something stolen:
                         copy.addController(controller);
@@ -90,7 +91,7 @@ public class CopyPermanentEffect extends SpellAbilityEffect {
                         copy.setToken(true);
                         copy.setCopiedToken(true);
                     } else { // isToken()
-                        copy = CardFactoryUtil.copyStats(c);
+                        copy = CardFactory.copyStats(c);
 
                         copy.setName(c.getName());
                         copy.setImageFilename(c.getImageFilename());
diff --git a/src/main/java/forge/card/ability/effects/CopySpellAbilityEffect.java b/src/main/java/forge/card/ability/effects/CopySpellAbilityEffect.java
index 2197bde1aaa..398073cef00 100644
--- a/src/main/java/forge/card/ability/effects/CopySpellAbilityEffect.java
+++ b/src/main/java/forge/card/ability/effects/CopySpellAbilityEffect.java
@@ -5,9 +5,9 @@ import java.util.Iterator;
 import java.util.List;
 
 import forge.Card;
-import forge.Singletons;
 import forge.card.ability.AbilityUtils;
 import forge.card.ability.SpellAbilityEffect;
+import forge.card.cardfactory.CardFactory;
 import forge.card.spellability.SpellAbility;
 import forge.game.player.Player;
 import forge.gui.GuiChoose;
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ public class CopySpellAbilityEffect extends SpellAbilityEffect {
             for (final SpellAbility chosenSAcopy : chosenSAs) {
                 chosenSAcopy.setActivatingPlayer(controller);
                 for (int i = 0; i < amount; i++) {
-                    Singletons.getModel().getCardFactory().copySpellontoStack(card, chosenSAcopy.getSourceCard(), chosenSAcopy, true);
+                    CardFactory.copySpellontoStack(card, chosenSAcopy.getSourceCard(), chosenSAcopy, true);
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ public class CopySpellAbilityEffect extends SpellAbilityEffect {
 
             chosenSA.setActivatingPlayer(controller);
             for (int i = 0; i < amount; i++) {
-                Singletons.getModel().getCardFactory().copySpellontoStack(card, chosenSA.getSourceCard(), chosenSA, true);
+                CardFactory.copySpellontoStack(card, chosenSA.getSourceCard(), chosenSA, true);
             }
         }
     } // end resolve
diff --git a/src/main/java/forge/card/ability/effects/PlayEffect.java b/src/main/java/forge/card/ability/effects/PlayEffect.java
index d9c5f8b3a7d..95e2e947c9a 100644
--- a/src/main/java/forge/card/ability/effects/PlayEffect.java
+++ b/src/main/java/forge/card/ability/effects/PlayEffect.java
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ public class PlayEffect extends SpellAbilityEffect {
                 source.clearRemembered();
             }
             if (sa.hasParam("CopyCard")) {
-                tgtCard = Singletons.getModel().getCardFactory().getCard(CardDb.getCard(tgtCard), sa.getActivatingPlayer());
+                tgtCard = CardDb.getCard(tgtCard).toForgeCard(sa.getActivatingPlayer());
                 // when copying something stolen:
                 tgtCard.addController(sa.getActivatingPlayer());
 
diff --git a/src/main/java/forge/card/cardfactory/CardFactory.java b/src/main/java/forge/card/cardfactory/CardFactory.java
index 16caee3b83f..c16cb4e339f 100644
--- a/src/main/java/forge/card/cardfactory/CardFactory.java
+++ b/src/main/java/forge/card/cardfactory/CardFactory.java
@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@
  */
 package forge.card.cardfactory;
 
-import java.io.File;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.List;
@@ -28,10 +27,10 @@ import forge.CardCharacteristicName;
 import forge.CardColor;
 import forge.CardUtil;
 import forge.Color;
+import forge.card.CardCharacteristics;
 import forge.card.CardRules;
 import forge.card.CardSplitType;
 import forge.card.ICardFace;
-import forge.card.ability.AbilityFactory;
 import forge.card.cost.Cost;
 import forge.card.mana.ManaCost;
 import forge.card.replacement.ReplacementHandler;
@@ -41,13 +40,9 @@ import forge.card.spellability.SpellAbility;
 import forge.card.spellability.SpellPermanent;
 import forge.card.spellability.Target;
 import forge.card.trigger.TriggerHandler;
-import forge.error.BugReporter;
 import forge.game.player.Player;
-import forge.gui.GuiUtils;
 import forge.item.CardDb;
 import forge.item.IPaperCard;
-import forge.properties.ForgeProps;
-import forge.properties.NewConstants;
 
 /**
  * <p>
@@ -68,33 +63,6 @@ import forge.properties.NewConstants;
  * @version $Id$
  */
 public class CardFactory {
-
-    /**
-     * <p>
-     * Constructor for CardFactory.
-     * </p>
-     * 
-     * @param file
-     *            a {@link java.io.File} object.
-     */
-    private final CardStorageReader reader;
-
-    public CardFactory(final File file) {
-
-        GuiUtils.checkEDT("CardFactory$constructor", false);
-        reader = new CardStorageReader(ForgeProps.getFile(NewConstants.CARDSFOLDER), true);
-        try {
-            // this fills in our map of card names to Card instances.
-            final List<CardRules> listCardRules = reader.loadCards();
-            CardDb.setup(listCardRules.iterator());
-
-        } catch (final Exception ex) {
-            BugReporter.reportException(ex);
-        }
-
-    } // constructor
-
-
     /**
      * <p>
      * copyCard.
@@ -104,15 +72,15 @@ public class CardFactory {
      *            a {@link forge.Card} object.
      * @return a {@link forge.Card} object.
      */
-    public final Card copyCard(final Card in) {
+    public final static Card copyCard(final Card in) {
         final CardCharacteristicName curState = in.getCurState();
         if (in.isInAlternateState()) {
             in.setState(CardCharacteristicName.Original);
         }
-        final Card out = this.getCard(CardDb.getCard(in), in.getOwner());
+        final Card out = getCard(CardDb.getCard(in), in.getOwner());
         out.setUniqueNumber(in.getUniqueNumber());
 
-        CardFactoryUtil.copyCharacteristics(in, out);
+        CardFactory.copyCharacteristics(in, out);
         if (in.hasAlternateState()) {
             for (final CardCharacteristicName state : in.getStates()) {
                 in.setState(state);
@@ -120,7 +88,7 @@ public class CardFactory {
                     out.addAlternateState(state);
                 }
                 out.setState(state);
-                CardFactoryUtil.copyCharacteristics(in, out);
+                CardFactory.copyCharacteristics(in, out);
             }
             in.setState(curState);
             out.setState(curState);
@@ -157,7 +125,7 @@ public class CardFactory {
      * @param bCopyDetails
      *            a boolean.
      */
-    public final void copySpellontoStack(final Card source, final Card original, final SpellAbility sa,
+    public final static void copySpellontoStack(final Card source, final Card original, final SpellAbility sa,
             final boolean bCopyDetails) {
         //Player originalController = original.getController();
         Player controller = sa.getActivatingPlayer();
@@ -243,7 +211,7 @@ public class CardFactory {
      * @return a {@link forge.Card} instance, owned by owner; or the special
      *         blankCard
      */
-    public final Card getCard(final IPaperCard cp, final Player owner) {
+    public final static Card getCard(final IPaperCard cp, final Player owner) {
 
         //System.out.println(cardName);
         CardRules cardRules = cp.getRules();
@@ -438,4 +406,110 @@ public class CardFactory {
         }
     }
 
+    /**
+     * <p>
+     * Copies stats like power, toughness, etc.
+     * </p>
+     * 
+     * @param sim
+     *            a {@link java.lang.Object} object.
+     * @return a {@link forge.Card} object.
+     */
+    public static Card copyStats(final Card sim) {
+        final Card c = new Card();
+    
+        c.setFlipCard(sim.isFlipCard());
+        c.setDoubleFaced(sim.isDoubleFaced());
+        c.setCurSetCode(sim.getCurSetCode());
+    
+        final CardCharacteristicName origState = sim.getCurState();
+        for (final CardCharacteristicName state : sim.getStates()) {
+            c.addAlternateState(state);
+            c.setState(state);
+            sim.setState(state);
+            CardFactory.copyCharacteristics(sim, c);
+        }
+    
+        sim.setState(origState);
+        c.setState(origState);
+        c.setRules(sim.getRules());
+    
+        return c;
+    } // copyStats()
+
+    /**
+     * Copy characteristics.
+     * 
+     * @param from
+     *            the from
+     * @param to
+     *            the to
+     */
+    private static void copyCharacteristics(final Card from, final Card to) {
+        to.setBaseAttack(from.getBaseAttack());
+        to.setBaseDefense(from.getBaseDefense());
+        to.setBaseLoyalty(from.getBaseLoyalty());
+        to.setBaseAttackString(from.getBaseAttackString());
+        to.setBaseDefenseString(from.getBaseDefenseString());
+        to.setIntrinsicKeyword(from.getIntrinsicKeyword());
+        to.setName(from.getName());
+        to.setType(from.getCharacteristics().getType());
+        to.setText(from.getSpellText());
+        to.setManaCost(from.getManaCost());
+        to.setColor(from.getColor());
+        to.setSVars(from.getSVars());
+        to.setIntrinsicAbilities(from.getIntrinsicAbilities());
+    
+        to.setImageFilename(from.getImageFilename());
+        to.setTriggers(from.getTriggers());
+        to.setReplacementEffects(from.getReplacementEffects());
+        to.setStaticAbilityStrings(from.getStaticAbilityStrings());
+    
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Copy characteristics.
+     * 
+     * @param from
+     *            the from
+     * @param stateToCopy
+     *            the state to copy
+     * @param to
+     *            the to
+     */
+    public static void copyState(final Card from, final CardCharacteristicName stateToCopy, final Card to) {
+    
+        // copy characteristics not associated with a state
+        to.setBaseLoyalty(from.getBaseLoyalty());
+        to.setBaseAttackString(from.getBaseAttackString());
+        to.setBaseDefenseString(from.getBaseDefenseString());
+        to.setText(from.getSpellText());
+    
+        // get CardCharacteristics for desired state
+        CardCharacteristics characteristics = from.getState(stateToCopy);
+        to.getCharacteristics().copy(characteristics);
+        // handle triggers and replacement effect through Card class interface
+        to.setTriggers(characteristics.getTriggers());
+        to.setReplacementEffects(characteristics.getReplacementEffects());
+    }
+
+    public static void copySpellAbility(SpellAbility from, SpellAbility to) {
+        to.setDescription(from.getDescription());
+        to.setStackDescription(from.getDescription());
+    
+        if (from.getSubAbility() != null) {
+            to.setSubAbility(from.getSubAbility().getCopy());
+        }
+        if (from.getRestrictions() != null) {
+            to.setRestrictions(from.getRestrictions());
+        }
+        if (from.getConditions() != null) {
+            to.setConditions(from.getConditions());
+        }
+    
+        for (String sVar : from.getSVars()) {
+            to.setSVar(sVar, from.getSVar(sVar));
+        }
+    }
+
 } // end class AbstractCardFactory
diff --git a/src/main/java/forge/card/cardfactory/CardFactoryArtifacts.java b/src/main/java/forge/card/cardfactory/CardFactoryArtifacts.java
index 2fd9dca9477..81920f7b5c3 100644
--- a/src/main/java/forge/card/cardfactory/CardFactoryArtifacts.java
+++ b/src/main/java/forge/card/cardfactory/CardFactoryArtifacts.java
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ class CardFactoryArtifacts {
                 public AbilityActivated getCopy() {
                     AbilityActivated res = new AbilityGrindstone(getSourceCard(),
                             getPayCosts(), getTarget() == null ? null : new Target(getTarget()));
-                    CardFactoryUtil.copySpellAbility(this, res);
+                    CardFactory.copySpellAbility(this, res);
                     return res;
                 }
 
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ class CardFactoryArtifacts {
                 public AbilityActivated getCopy() {
                     AbilityActivated res = new AbilityScrollRack(getSourceCard(),
                             getPayCosts(), getTarget() == null ? null : new Target(getTarget()));
-                    CardFactoryUtil.copySpellAbility(this, res);
+                    CardFactory.copySpellAbility(this, res);
                     return res;
                 }
 
@@ -262,7 +262,7 @@ class CardFactoryArtifacts {
                 public AbilityActivated getCopy() {
                     AbilityActivated res = new AbilityTemporalAperture(getSourceCard(),
                             getPayCosts(), getTarget() == null ? null : new Target(getTarget()));
-                    CardFactoryUtil.copySpellAbility(this, res);
+                    CardFactory.copySpellAbility(this, res);
                     return res;
                 }
 
diff --git a/src/main/java/forge/card/cardfactory/CardFactoryUtil.java b/src/main/java/forge/card/cardfactory/CardFactoryUtil.java
index a30d9dcd13d..ac1e8a4becb 100644
--- a/src/main/java/forge/card/cardfactory/CardFactoryUtil.java
+++ b/src/main/java/forge/card/cardfactory/CardFactoryUtil.java
@@ -41,7 +41,6 @@ import forge.Constant;
 import forge.CounterType;
 import forge.GameEntity;
 import forge.Singletons;
-import forge.card.CardCharacteristics;
 import forge.card.ability.AbilityFactory;
 import forge.card.ability.AbilityUtils;
 import forge.card.ability.ApiType;
@@ -148,7 +147,7 @@ public class CardFactoryUtil {
             public AbilityActivated getCopy() {
                 AbilityActivated res = new AbilityUnearth(getSourceCard(),
                         getPayCosts(), getTarget() == null ? null : new Target(getTarget()));
-                CardFactoryUtil.copySpellAbility(this, res);
+                CardFactory.copySpellAbility(this, res);
                 final SpellAbilityRestriction restrict = new SpellAbilityRestriction();
                 restrict.setZone(ZoneType.Graveyard);
                 restrict.setSorcerySpeed(true);
@@ -361,7 +360,7 @@ public class CardFactoryUtil {
             public AbilityActivated getCopy() {
                 AbilityActivated res = new AbilityTransmute(getSourceCard(),
                         getPayCosts(), getTarget() == null ? null : new Target(getTarget()));
-                CardFactoryUtil.copySpellAbility(this, res);
+                CardFactory.copySpellAbility(this, res);
                 res.getRestrictions().setZone(ZoneType.Hand);
                 return res;
             }
@@ -2490,7 +2489,7 @@ public class CardFactoryUtil {
 
         final int multiplier = controller.getTokenDoublersMagnitude();
         for (int i = 0; i < multiplier; i++) {
-            Card temp = CardFactoryUtil.copyStats(c);
+            Card temp = CardFactory.copyStats(c);
 
             for (final String kw : intrinsicKeywords) {
                 temp.addIntrinsicKeyword(kw);
@@ -2671,112 +2670,6 @@ public class CardFactoryUtil {
                 || (c == CounterType.TIME);
     }
 
-    /**
-     * <p>
-     * Copies stats like power, toughness, etc.
-     * </p>
-     * 
-     * @param sim
-     *            a {@link java.lang.Object} object.
-     * @return a {@link forge.Card} object.
-     */
-    public static Card copyStats(final Card sim) {
-        final Card c = new Card();
-
-        c.setFlipCard(sim.isFlipCard());
-        c.setDoubleFaced(sim.isDoubleFaced());
-        c.setCurSetCode(sim.getCurSetCode());
-
-        final CardCharacteristicName origState = sim.getCurState();
-        for (final CardCharacteristicName state : sim.getStates()) {
-            c.addAlternateState(state);
-            c.setState(state);
-            sim.setState(state);
-            CardFactoryUtil.copyCharacteristics(sim, c);
-        }
-
-        sim.setState(origState);
-        c.setState(origState);
-        c.setRules(sim.getRules());
-
-        return c;
-    } // copyStats()
-
-    /**
-     * Copy characteristics.
-     * 
-     * @param from
-     *            the from
-     * @param to
-     *            the to
-     */
-    public static void copyCharacteristics(final Card from, final Card to) {
-        to.setBaseAttack(from.getBaseAttack());
-        to.setBaseDefense(from.getBaseDefense());
-        to.setBaseLoyalty(from.getBaseLoyalty());
-        to.setBaseAttackString(from.getBaseAttackString());
-        to.setBaseDefenseString(from.getBaseDefenseString());
-        to.setIntrinsicKeyword(from.getIntrinsicKeyword());
-        to.setName(from.getName());
-        to.setType(from.getCharacteristics().getType());
-        to.setText(from.getSpellText());
-        to.setManaCost(from.getManaCost());
-        to.setColor(from.getColor());
-        to.setSVars(from.getSVars());
-        to.setIntrinsicAbilities(from.getIntrinsicAbilities());
-
-        to.setImageFilename(from.getImageFilename());
-        to.setTriggers(from.getTriggers());
-        to.setReplacementEffects(from.getReplacementEffects());
-        to.setStaticAbilityStrings(from.getStaticAbilityStrings());
-
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Copy characteristics.
-     * 
-     * @param from
-     *            the from
-     * @param stateToCopy
-     *            the state to copy
-     * @param to
-     *            the to
-     */
-    public static void copyState(final Card from, final CardCharacteristicName stateToCopy, final Card to) {
-
-        // copy characteristics not associated with a state
-        to.setBaseLoyalty(from.getBaseLoyalty());
-        to.setBaseAttackString(from.getBaseAttackString());
-        to.setBaseDefenseString(from.getBaseDefenseString());
-        to.setText(from.getSpellText());
-
-        // get CardCharacteristics for desired state
-        CardCharacteristics characteristics = from.getState(stateToCopy);
-        to.getCharacteristics().copy(characteristics);
-        // handle triggers and replacement effect through Card class interface
-        to.setTriggers(characteristics.getTriggers());
-        to.setReplacementEffects(characteristics.getReplacementEffects());
-    }
-
-    public static void copySpellAbility(SpellAbility from, SpellAbility to) {
-        to.setDescription(from.getDescription());
-        to.setStackDescription(from.getDescription());
-
-        if (from.getSubAbility() != null) {
-            to.setSubAbility(from.getSubAbility().getCopy());
-        }
-        if (from.getRestrictions() != null) {
-            to.setRestrictions(from.getRestrictions());
-        }
-        if (from.getConditions() != null) {
-            to.setConditions(from.getConditions());
-        }
-
-        for (String sVar : from.getSVars()) {
-            to.setSVar(sVar, from.getSVar(sVar));
-        }
-    }
-
     public static void correctAbilityChainSourceCard(final SpellAbility sa, final Card card) {
 
         sa.setSourceCard(card);
diff --git a/src/main/java/forge/card/spellability/AbilitySub.java b/src/main/java/forge/card/spellability/AbilitySub.java
index 1146b6cdc44..bf4f169432d 100644
--- a/src/main/java/forge/card/spellability/AbilitySub.java
+++ b/src/main/java/forge/card/spellability/AbilitySub.java
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ import forge.card.ability.effects.ChangeZoneAllEffect;
 import forge.card.ability.effects.ChangeZoneEffect;
 import forge.card.ability.effects.ManaEffect;
 import forge.card.ability.effects.ManaReflectedEffect;
-import forge.card.cardfactory.CardFactoryUtil;
+import forge.card.cardfactory.CardFactory;
 import forge.game.player.AIPlayer;
 
 /**
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ public final class AbilitySub extends SpellAbility implements java.io.Serializab
     public AbilitySub getCopy() {
         Target t = getTarget() == null ? null : new Target(getTarget());
         AbilitySub res = new AbilitySub(api, getSourceCard(), t, params);
-        CardFactoryUtil.copySpellAbility(this, res);
+        CardFactory.copySpellAbility(this, res);
         return res;
     }
 
diff --git a/src/main/java/forge/game/GameAction.java b/src/main/java/forge/game/GameAction.java
index ee587c43a60..6f1937d9ab0 100644
--- a/src/main/java/forge/game/GameAction.java
+++ b/src/main/java/forge/game/GameAction.java
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ import forge.GameEntity;
 import forge.card.CardSplitType;
 import forge.card.CardType;
 import forge.card.ability.effects.AttachEffect;
+import forge.card.cardfactory.CardFactory;
 import forge.card.cost.Cost;
 import forge.card.mana.ManaCost;
 import forge.card.replacement.ReplacementEffect;
@@ -157,7 +158,7 @@ public class GameAction {
             if (zoneFrom.is(ZoneType.Battlefield)) {
                 c.setFlipStaus(false);
             }
-            copied = forge.Singletons.getModel().getCardFactory().copyCard(c);
+            copied = CardFactory.copyCard(c);
             copied.setUnearthed(c.isUnearthed());
             copied.setTapped(false);
             for (final Trigger trigger : copied.getTriggers()) {
@@ -669,7 +670,7 @@ public class GameAction {
         if (p != null && p.is(ZoneType.Battlefield)) {
             lastKnownInfo = CardUtil.getLKICopy(c);
             c.clearCounters(); // remove all counters
-            library.add(forge.Singletons.getModel().getCardFactory().copyCard(c), libPosition);
+            library.add(CardFactory.copyCard(c), libPosition);
         } else {
             c.clearCounters(); // remove all counters
             library.add(c, libPosition);
diff --git a/src/main/java/forge/game/zone/MagicStack.java b/src/main/java/forge/game/zone/MagicStack.java
index c71aa4108f8..eaa766a1ea9 100644
--- a/src/main/java/forge/game/zone/MagicStack.java
+++ b/src/main/java/forge/game/zone/MagicStack.java
@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ import forge.CardPredicates.Presets;
 import forge.Command;
 import forge.Singletons;
 import forge.card.ability.AbilityUtils;
+import forge.card.cardfactory.CardFactory;
 import forge.card.cardfactory.CardFactoryUtil;
 import forge.card.mana.ManaCostBeingPaid;
 import forge.card.mana.ManaCostParser;
@@ -609,7 +610,7 @@ public class MagicStack extends MyObservable {
                     @Override
                     public void execute() {
                         for (int i = 0; i < sp.getSourceCard().getReplicateMagnitude(); i++) {
-                            Singletons.getModel().getCardFactory().copySpellontoStack(sp.getSourceCard(), sp.getSourceCard(), sp, false);
+                            CardFactory.copySpellontoStack(sp.getSourceCard(), sp.getSourceCard(), sp, false);
                         }
                     }
                 };
diff --git a/src/main/java/forge/gui/GuiDisplayUtil.java b/src/main/java/forge/gui/GuiDisplayUtil.java
index 20418b3766d..fb99dc6afc9 100644
--- a/src/main/java/forge/gui/GuiDisplayUtil.java
+++ b/src/main/java/forge/gui/GuiDisplayUtil.java
@@ -507,7 +507,7 @@ public final class GuiDisplayUtil {
         for (final String element : data) {
             final String[] cardinfo = element.trim().split("\\|");
 
-            final Card c = Singletons.getModel().getCardFactory().getCard(CardDb.instance().getCard(cardinfo[0]), player);
+            final Card c = CardDb.instance().getCard(cardinfo[0]).toForgeCard(player);
 
             boolean hasSetCurSet = false;
             for (final String info : cardinfo) {
diff --git a/src/main/java/forge/gui/match/nonsingleton/CField.java b/src/main/java/forge/gui/match/nonsingleton/CField.java
index 2e14f5e8dae..ce1401632cc 100644
--- a/src/main/java/forge/gui/match/nonsingleton/CField.java
+++ b/src/main/java/forge/gui/match/nonsingleton/CField.java
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ import forge.Command;
 import forge.Constant;
 import forge.Constant.Preferences;
 import forge.Singletons;
+import forge.card.cardfactory.CardFactory;
 import forge.card.cardfactory.CardFactoryUtil;
 import forge.card.spellability.SpellAbility;
 import forge.control.input.Input;
@@ -301,7 +302,7 @@ public class CField implements ICDoc {
                             faceDown.setName("Face Down");
                             choices2.add(faceDown);
                         } else {
-                            final Card faceDown = Singletons.getModel().getCardFactory().copyCard(crd);
+                            final Card faceDown = CardFactory.copyCard(crd);
                             faceDown.setState(CardCharacteristicName.Original);
                             choices2.add(faceDown);
                         }
diff --git a/src/main/java/forge/item/CardDb.java b/src/main/java/forge/item/CardDb.java
index 825c4433dd0..c5e0b13badd 100644
--- a/src/main/java/forge/item/CardDb.java
+++ b/src/main/java/forge/item/CardDb.java
@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@ package forge.item;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.Collection;
 import java.util.Collections;
-import java.util.Iterator;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.NoSuchElementException;
@@ -81,7 +80,7 @@ public final class CardDb {
      * @param list
      *            the new up
      */
-    public static void setup(final Iterator<CardRules> list) {
+    public static void setup(final Iterable<CardRules> list) {
         if (CardDb.commonCards != null) {
             throw new RuntimeException("CardDb has already been initialized, don't do it twice please");
         }
@@ -426,9 +425,9 @@ public final class CardDb {
                 uniqueSpecialCards.put(cardName, lastAdded);
         }
 
-        CardSorter(final Iterator<CardRules> parser) {
-            while (parser.hasNext()) {
-                this.addNewCard(parser.next());
+        CardSorter(final Iterable<CardRules> parser) {
+            for (CardRules cr : parser) {
+                this.addNewCard(cr);
             }
         }
     }
diff --git a/src/main/java/forge/item/CardPrinted.java b/src/main/java/forge/item/CardPrinted.java
index 06e2b43d810..7f8d5dcdc56 100644
--- a/src/main/java/forge/item/CardPrinted.java
+++ b/src/main/java/forge/item/CardPrinted.java
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ import forge.CardUtil;
 import forge.Singletons;
 import forge.card.CardRarity;
 import forge.card.CardRules;
+import forge.card.cardfactory.CardFactory;
 import forge.game.player.Player;
 
 
@@ -295,7 +296,7 @@ public final class CardPrinted implements Comparable<IPaperCard>, InventoryItemF
      */
     @Override
     public Card toForgeCard(Player owner) {
-        final Card c = Singletons.getModel().getCardFactory().getCard(this, owner);
+        final Card c = CardFactory.getCard(this, owner);
         return c;
     }
 
diff --git a/src/main/java/forge/item/CardToken.java b/src/main/java/forge/item/CardToken.java
index 80aa2399c6e..0dcb5098c8d 100644
--- a/src/main/java/forge/item/CardToken.java
+++ b/src/main/java/forge/item/CardToken.java
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 package forge.item;
 
 import forge.Card;
-import forge.Singletons;
 import forge.card.CardRarity;
 import forge.card.CardRules;
+import forge.card.cardfactory.CardFactory;
 import forge.game.player.Player;
 
 public class CardToken implements InventoryItemFromSet, IPaperCard {
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ public class CardToken implements InventoryItemFromSet, IPaperCard {
 
     @Override
     public Card toForgeCard(Player owner) { 
-        final Card c = Singletons.getModel().getCardFactory().getCard(this, owner);
+        final Card c = CardFactory.getCard(this, owner);
         return c;
     }
 
diff --git a/src/main/java/forge/model/FModel.java b/src/main/java/forge/model/FModel.java
index 6e7df7681c8..88290e7e27e 100644
--- a/src/main/java/forge/model/FModel.java
+++ b/src/main/java/forge/model/FModel.java
@@ -32,8 +32,9 @@ import forge.card.CardBlock;
 import forge.card.EditionCollection;
 import forge.card.FatPackData;
 import forge.card.FormatCollection;
-import forge.card.cardfactory.CardFactory;
+import forge.card.cardfactory.CardStorageReader;
 import forge.deck.CardCollections;
+import forge.error.BugReporter;
 import forge.error.ExceptionHandler;
 import forge.game.GameState;
 import forge.game.GameType;
@@ -41,6 +42,8 @@ import forge.game.MatchController;
 import forge.game.limited.GauntletMini;
 import forge.game.player.LobbyPlayer;
 import forge.gauntlet.GauntletData;
+import forge.gui.GuiUtils;
+import forge.item.CardDb;
 import forge.properties.ForgePreferences;
 import forge.properties.ForgePreferences.FPref;
 import forge.properties.ForgeProps;
@@ -81,7 +84,6 @@ public enum FModel {
     private GauntletData gauntletData;
     private GauntletMini gauntlet;
 
-    private final CardFactory cardFactory;
     private final QuestController quest;
     private final CardCollections decks;
 
@@ -154,7 +156,16 @@ public enum FModel {
         this.loadDynamicGamedata();
 
         // Loads all cards (using progress bar).
-        this.cardFactory = new CardFactory(ForgeProps.getFile(NewConstants.CARDSFOLDER));
+        GuiUtils.checkEDT("CardFactory$constructor", false);
+        final CardStorageReader reader = new CardStorageReader(ForgeProps.getFile(NewConstants.CARDSFOLDER), true);
+        try {
+            // this fills in our map of card names to Card instances.
+            CardDb.setup(reader.loadCards());
+            
+        } catch (final Exception ex) {
+            BugReporter.reportException(ex);
+        }
+
         this.decks = new CardCollections(ForgeProps.getFile(NewConstants.NEW_DECKS));
         this.quest = new QuestController();
     }
@@ -412,14 +423,6 @@ public enum FModel {
         return gameState;
     }
 
-    /**
-     * TODO: Write javadoc for this method.
-     * @return
-     */
-    public CardFactory getCardFactory() {
-        return cardFactory;
-    }
-
     public GauntletMini getGauntletMini() {
 
         if (gauntlet == null) {
diff --git a/src/main/java/forge/quest/QuestWorld.java b/src/main/java/forge/quest/QuestWorld.java
index e0dfb175035..0f7d7ce6d44 100644
--- a/src/main/java/forge/quest/QuestWorld.java
+++ b/src/main/java/forge/quest/QuestWorld.java
@@ -24,7 +24,6 @@ import java.util.List;
 import com.google.common.base.Function;
 
 import forge.quest.data.GameFormatQuest;
-import forge.util.FileSection;
 import forge.util.storage.StorageReaderFile;
 
 /**